Double-acting internal-combustion engine.



H. 0. HORNER & J. P. BOYLAND. Y I DOUBLE AGTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLFOATION 11.31; AN. 18, 1909. v 943,597. I Patented Dec. 14, 1909.

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ATTORNEYS H /Illlff'llflfllIlllfffflffldlI WL a y 4 N 0 far w w z M Ana/Mrs '11. 0. 1101mm & J. P.' BOYL-AND.

LE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 18, 1909.

DO-UB Paterited Dec. 14, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY 0. HORNER AND JOHN P. BOYLAND, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

DOUBLE-ACTTNG INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1909.

Application filed January 18, 1909. Serial No. 472,947. 7

. sides of the cylinder.

air

The present invention contemplates the construction of the intermediate portion of the piston. of skeleton form, to, facilitate the cooling thereof and of the cylinder by passing thereinto through the slots of the ylinder, also to connect the cross-shaft with the piston in a manner to permit the cross-shaft swinging in a plane with the driving shaft,'the center of oscillation being at one side of the cross-shaft, and, further,

to provide for the removal of the controlling valve toward the center of the cylinder, whereby the special openings in the outer ends of the cylinder or valve casings, as are usually provided for this purpose, are dispensed with.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forminga part of this speci-- fication, in which similar *cha'racters of ref erence indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is acentral vertical section of an internal combustion engine embodying our invention, the section being taken substantially on the lines ll of Figs. 2 and 3; Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same on the line 2-2 ofFig. 1; Fig. 3'is a vertical sec tion of the engine on the line 33 of Fig. lgand Fig. 4 is .a cross-section of the engine on the line H of Fig. 3. v

In the preferred construction of our improved engine, an upright cylinder 5 is mounted on a suitable base 6, the cylinder having laterally-extending portions 7, 7,

at opposite ends, and constructed intermelongitudin'al slots 8,.

iiate its length with these slots, as best shown in Fig. 2, being arranged diametrically of the cylinder. The cylinderis shown to be provided with the usual water jacket which is extended about and residents of the city of.

skeleton construction,

eflected by providing I The cranks through the lateral portions 7, although the water jacket is not essential to the present con struction. Within the'cylinder is a piston 9 havin the usual close-fitting piston-head at each end, with the intermediate portion of the piston of reduced diameter and of this preferably being the two piston-heads with internal longitudinal ribs 10 which are extended to rigidly connect the heads together, and, as shown in Fig. 2, are of approximately T-shape to insure both strength and lightness of construction. Opposite pairs are joined together a short distance intermediate their length, with the joined portions bored out diametrically of the piston to receive a cross-pin 11, and on the intermediate portion of this pin and fitting between the bosses of the piston is journaled a hanger 12, the hanger, as best shown in Figs. '1 and 2, being extended crosswise and. below the pin 11 the full thickness of the reduced portion of the piston and bored to receive a' cross-shaft 13, the latter passing to the outside of the cylinder through oppositely-arranged openings 8. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the bore in the hanger to receive the cross-shaft passes partly through the pin 11, causing the pin to be effectively locked against endwise' movement when the cross-shaft is in place. At the outside of the cylinder a piston stem 13*,operating within a water pump-13 is operatively connected to the cross-shaft 13.

On the lower end or base of the cylinder 2. driving-shaft 14 is journaled, and ateach side of 15, with the shaft at one side of the cranks journaled in a bearing'lG carried by the base and having an attached fly-wheel 17. are operatively connected with the outer end portions of the cross-shaft. by pitmen 18, and in view of the swinging movement of the cross-shaft in the plane of the driving-shaft on-the pin 11, any slight difference in the length of the compensated for and the friction greatly lessened.

The laterally-extending portions 7 of the cylinder are provided with admission and exhaust ports 19 of like character, each port having a longitudinal portion 19 passing the inside of the portion 7 of the cylinder. Fitting within the portion 19 of eachport is. a tapered cup bushing 20 the bottom 20 of which is threaded to hold the the cylinder is provided with cranks pltmen is heads 25 at the ends of the stems.

body portion of the cup in place, which latter is provided with an opening 21 in the side registering with the outer portion of the port, and the inner portion of the port registering with the bore of the cup. The inner edges of the cups have valve seats for admission and egrh'aust controlling valves 22 and 23 respectivelv, the stems of these valves passing inwardly and slidable through the bottoms of the cups 20, and are normally forced totheir seats by'springs 24;, the-latter bearingbetween the caps and dish?1 or ese ' disks or heads contact with feet 26 formed at the outer ends of slides. 27 movably supported in bearings 28 bolted'or'otherwise secured to the side of the cylinder, each slide'havinga roller 29 atits inner end arranged in operative relation to one of the earns 30 fixed to"a c'am-shaft 3l.

A gear 32 fixed to the driving-shaft is in mesh with a gear 33 journaled at one side thereof and having an attached bevel inion 34 iri'rnesh with a similar inion 35, t eilatter-hemg secured a vertical shaft 36'ha v. mg a timer 37 and carrying a bevel. pinion 38 in mesh witha similarbevel" pinion 39- attached to the'cam-shaft, the cams of the F latter being arramged to [operate .the admission and exhaust valve in proper'fsequence with the movement of the iston;

1 During the working-of the engine the air is nontinually passi-n through the slots 8v the sidesot the cylinder" around the an- :nular' space between thefp'iston' and cylinder- 1 and throughthe-"piston and into .the piston? h eads', facilitating the cooling of the working parts, and in practice'it is found that fother purposes.-

the air. cooling is carried out to such-an ex-- 'tentfthat the water jacket is of very little consequence. The skeleton construction of v the piston-also admitsof the hanger-bearin being easily aecessibl for lubricating and I-Iavmg "thus described our invention, we clan-n as newjand desire to' secure by Letters 1. In a double-acting internal combustion ,engine, a cylinder having slots at opposite J :ides intermediate its length, a piston in the cylinder, a driving-shaft, a cross-shaft pass-' through the piston and slots of the cylin inde'r and connected with the piston to swing in a iplaneg' p-as sing lon itudinally' through .the driving-shaft, with the center of'oscillation arranged-at one side of the cross-shaft, and means operatively connecting the-'cross-shaft with the driving-shaft.

-2. "In a double-acting internal combustion engine, a cylinder having slots in the sides the member at approximately right angles connecting the cross-shaft to the drivingthereof, a working piston in the cylinder, a

hanger pivotally supported intermediate the ends of the cylinder, a cross-shaft passing through the hanger and the slots of the cylinder below the point of pivotal support of the hanger, a driving-shaft, and means operatively' connecting the outer end portionfs of the cross-shaft with. the driving sha t.

3. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, a cylinder having slots in the sides naled on the cross-pin, a cross-shaftpassing through the hanger and the slots of the cylinder and locking the cross-pin to the piston, a driving-shaft, and means operatively shaft.

' 5; In a double-acting internal combustion 'engine, a cylinder having slots in the side thereof, a driving-shaft, a piston having heads fitting the cylinder,- with the heads provided with internal ribs extended. to form the intermediate portion of the piston and rigidly connect the heads together, a

cross-pm carried by saidheads, a hanger I Journaled on the crosspin, a cross-shaft passing through the hanger and slots of the cylinder, and means operatively connecting the cross-shaft with the, driving-shaft.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a working piston, a driving-shaft, a cross-shaft pivotally connected to the piston and passing to the outside of the cylinder, with the center of the pivotal connection arranged at one side of the crossshaft, and means operatively connecting the cross-shaft to the driving-shaft.

In testimony whereofwe have signed our names'to this specification in the presence of' two subscribing witnesses.- r I HENRY O. HORNER. JOHN P. BQYLAND. 7 Witnesses: 4

w. Ham, JOHN .P. DAVIS. 

